Todd wrote:
> Guys, Victor is right, this has nothing to do with Windows. I fully
> understand that Windows will probably only show 3.5 gigs of ram (or
> somewhere around there). But in the BIOS it only shows 3008.
>
> The funny thing is, one poster here mentioned perhaps the memory
> mapped to my GeForce 8800GTX is being subtracted from the 4096. Well,
> perhaps. However, then when I only have 2 gigs, wouldn't it then show
> only as having 1280 memory (2048 - 768) ???
>
> It does not. It shows 2048. But when I plug in 4 gigs, it shows
> 3008. So that doesn't make any sense.
>
> I simply do not beleive that a modern motherboard like the Commando
> can't use 4 gigs of ram, that is complete nonsense. This board was
> only release 5-6 months ago!
>
>
> Anybody else out there with a Asus Commando and more than 2 gigs of
> ram?
>
> Is there some wierd issue with four 1gig sticks of this Corsair ram?
>
> The link below goes right to Newegg's site. This is the memory I
> purchased. Both the two 1gig sticks 3 months ago, when I built the
> system. and then I ordered another two 1gig sticks a few days ago in
> order to go to 4 gigs.
>
> http://www.newegg.com/Product/Produc...82E16820145034
>
> Corsair sells these in a 2gig "pack" which is basically two identical
> 1gig sticks of DDR2 ram. So I have four identically matched sets of
> Corsair memory.
>
> I am stuck. I just don't understand what the problem is.
>
OK, I'll try and explain my view on it again.
A 32 bit processor has a 4 GB address space.
There are two things that need addressing. You want your processor to
be able to address any memory location in the DRAM. But you also want
to address PCI devices, AGP devices, or PCI Express devices. They
sit on busses, and the busses need addressing too.
*******
(See Figure 9 on PDF page 118 for an example of the address space.)
ftp://download.intel.com/design/chip...s/25252502.pdf
(The issue is addressed here, but the experimental data is collected
on a PCI Express equipped system. An AGP system might leave more
available space.)
http://dlsvr01.asus.com/pub/ASUS/mb/4GB_Rev1.pdf
(A Tyan Tiger MPX reporting about 3.7GB)
http://groups.google.ca/group/alt.co...eb0da690e04193
(More 4GB results)
http://channel9.msdn.com/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=42545
******
The busses are absolutely essential, and the computer would be isolated
and useless if it only talked to the memory.
So we start with the 4GB space. We define a 256MB chunk for the PCI
bus. We define a chunk for AGP perhaps. Another chunk for PCI Express.
They are not allowed to overlap with the usage of memory. Now, we are
left with say 3.25GB of address space. The BIOS makes these allocations
during POST.
We happen to own 4GB of memory. But there is only 3.25GB of
address space left in hardware. The result is, only 3.25GB of the
4GB of memory is accessible. There is no physical way to get to the
other 0.75GB of memory, since we needed that other space to correspond
to the system busses.
Now, consider a computer with 2GB of memory. Since we have 3.25GB of
address space available, the entire 2GB of memory can be addressed
without a problem. There is no "subtraction" as such, merely a
limited resource. During POST, the BIOS sizes up the requirements
of the various busses. The BIOS allocates space for the busses in the
top of the address space, filling downwards. The remaining address space
can be used to access memory. Any memory over and above the available
address space, is out of luck.
What Vista 32 bit or WinXP 32 bit reports as available memory, cannot
be any greater than what the BIOS has set up. If I set up one of the
older S939 SLI systems, with two PCI Express video cards in it, the
address space remaining to be usable to address the memory is 2.75GB.
If you install four 1GB sticks, the BIOS only allows 2.75GB of the memory
to be accessed. When WinXP 32 bit or Vista 32 bit deals with such
a computer, the reported memory cannot be any greater than 2.75GB.
This doesn't explain how the Microsoft KB article, arrived at its
3.12GB limit for Vista. If I plug only a PCI video card into a
computer, and use few of the other bus resources, that should
leave space for the addressing of more memory than 3.12GB. It is
up to the BIOS to define the resource allocation, efficient or not.
And how usable the memory is, is a completely separate issue. A single
program may not be able to harness all of the memory (and I bet someone
else can do a better job of explaining all the options and issues there).
Paul