On Jul 23, 8:02*pm, "S.Lewis" <Gossa...@interesting.com> wrote:
> Depends on the system. *I've seen them where the dial-up modem (card) itself
> was only fried; *then again I've seen the slot also fried......
We routinely would fixed electronics by identifying damaged parts
for each board, replacing those parts, and never having future
failures. Properly noted is an effect called 'overstress' where parts
fail later. Same analysis is required on aerospace hardware so that
failure never happens. IOW trace excessive currents by analysis,
replace any part that may have exceeded manufacturer specs, and
eliminate overstress failures.
How are modems most often damaged? First surge circuit must be
identified. A most common path through modems is incoming on AC
electric (bypassing protection that is inside all power supplies),
through motherboard, through modem, then out to earth ground via phone
line.
A most common modem failure (the weakest point in that circuit) is a
PNP transistor that drives its off-hook relay.
In another situation, two plug-in protectors earthed a surge
destructively via adjacent and powered off computers. We traced the
surge path to earth ground. Protectors connected a surge into both
motherboards (bypassing the power supply). Outgoing on NIC. Through
network to a third computer. Out that computer to earth ground via a
dialup modem. In this case, various network interface chips and the
modem suffered damage. All parts in those paths replaced. Computers
never failed again. But again, overstress was made irrelevant by
tracing a surge's circuit.
We know some components will not be surge damaged. For example,
memory has an incoming path from motherboard. Where is the outgoing
path? None exists. So memory boards are not surge damaged. Essential
for damage is both an incoming and outgoing path. Without both, then
damage and overstress will not happen.
Damage is not capricious. But surges appear capricious without
sufficient konwledge. Surges do not enter via power supplies - due to
numerious layers of protection. But plug-in protectors can divert a
surge around that supply; directly into a motherboard.
Effective protection has always been to divert energy into earth
before a surge can enter the building. Incoming utility wires (ie
telephone, cable TV) have surge protection connected to earth. Surges
typically do not enter via these utilities. Most destructive surges
enter on AC electric. To have damage, a surge forms a connection to
earth. Outgoing connection to earth include telephone and cable TV.
Anything in that path can suffer damage or overstress.
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